JBRMR 2056-6271 https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/ 37 Volume 13 Issue 03 2019-04-01

455 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=455 2019-03-31 Low-input, niche rice value chain in contexts of Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam has potential for sustainability intent to transform the Greater Mekong agri-retail consumer behavior. Creative communications for Sustainability or true-green advertising framework test-beds input-side optimization through rationalization of scaled-down water and off-grid-energy. This paper builds on retail mindset that drives sustainability intent, proactively. The research probes the research gap on lack of co-evolution of rural-urban aligned, rurbanization, through hierarchical levels of three sets of metrices of entrepreneurial potential. Literature prompts that the latent spirit of ownership evolves from trust. The potential of shared value entrepreneurship is a possibility for heritage rice-cuisine-driven family-led bottom-up businesses. To galvanize this spirit of ownership for folklore rice-based culinary delights spanning Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand (CLMVT) is an interesting proposition. The vibrant Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) is the test-bed here and this paper unfurls the theory leading to practice on issues of sustainability amid disaster vulnerability, floods, droughts and climate disruption. Key take-aways are (i) low input niche rice value chain serves as a sustainability enabler of tourism pivoted through heritage culinary traditions (ii) entrepreneurial ventures at community-scale can integrate the folklore heritage rice-cuisine-driven tourism with economic infrastructure of EEC through the spirit of ownership. Hierarchical Bayes-based sustainable entrepreneurship metric assesses the viability.   Adams, J. L. (2010). Interrogating the equity principle: The rhetoric and reality of management planning for sustainable archaeological heritage tourism. 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456 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=456 2019-03-31 The changing retail environment necessitates a need to manage supermarkets effectively by understanding shopping motivations in order to attract shoppers and remain competitive. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that motivate shoppers to visit and buy from certain branded supermarkets. In addition, to determine if there is any relationship between shoppers’ demographics and shopping motivations. The survey reached 3494 shoppers online of whom 104 responded. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24 for Windows. The findings of the study revealed that shoppers visit specific branded supermarkets for gratification shopping, value shopping, to search for good service and product quality, social shopping and brand hunting. In addition, the findings indicated that gratification shopping and shopping for good service and product quality are significantly affected by gender. Furthermore, the findings revealed there is a significant difference among age groups regarding gratification and social shopping. Moreover, the study found that there is a significant difference among monthly income groups regarding value shopping, social shopping and brand hunting. The findings of this study provide insights for both researchers and retailers to gain a better understanding of supermarket shopping motivations and the relationship between shoppers’ demographics and shopping motivations. Alhemoud, A.M. (2008). Shopping behaviour of supermarket consumers in Kuwait. Journal of Business and Economics Research, 6(3), pp. 47-58. Baig, F.N. and Khalid, H. (2016). Shopper typology and multi-channel shopping preferences for groceries. The Business and Management Review, 7(3), pp. 34–41. Bakirtas, H., Bakirtas, I. and Cetin, M.A. (2015). Effects of utilitarian and hedonic shopping value and consumer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions. 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457 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=457 2019-03-31 This research tests and analyse the influence of customer’s prior experience toward procedural justice and interactional justice perceived by customer toward the process of service recovery through the moderation role of customer personality in the e-banking service on three state-owned banks in West Java, Indonesia. The respondent of this research is e-banking customer in three banks (BRI, BNI, and BTN) in West Java, Indonesia with 300 respondents. The analysis technique that is used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research result proves that: (1) there is a positive and significant influence of customer’s prior experience toward interactional and procedural justice, (2) customer’s experience moderates the influence of customer’s prior experience toward interactional and procedural justice. 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458 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=458 2019-03-31 This study examines the relationship between corporate board and firm value of diversified companies listed on Bursa Malaysia. It applies a multiple regression analysis on data collected from annual reports of the companies for the year 2017. The corporate board variables considered are board size, tenure of independence directors and the existence of risk management committee, while the value of firm is measured based on excess value. The results reveal that there is a negative relationship between tenure of independent directors, board size with firm value, while risk management committee maintains significant positive relationship with firm value. The study is supportive of the view that enhanced corporate governance practices contributes towards increasing firm value. 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459 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=459 2019-03-31 The authors undertook a study to investigate how customer relationship management (CRM), perceived service quality (PSQ), perceived risk (PER), and passenger expectations (PE) affected Thai Airways passenger trust (PT).  The research instrument developed for the survey consisted of a questionnaire which used a seven-level agreement scale for the seven-part, 39 survey items. The study conducted both a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the 565 Thai Airways survey respondents’ answers. A latent variable path analysis was performed using the LISREL 9.1 software program, with the model found to be consistent with empirical data. The causal factors in the model had both a positive and negative influence on the Thai Airways passenger trust, which can be explained 51% of the variance (R2) in passenger trust (PT). 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460 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=460 2019-03-31 Garnering insights into the relation between the general demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation status and psychological imbalances of anxiety, depression, self-esteem levels and loneliness and their subsequent influence on compulsive buying levels in an individual from the marketing perspective was the impetus and main motivation behind undertaking this study. Study was conducted over a 7-month period with a balanced homogeneous mix of randomly chosen respondents belonging to various occupations, ranging from an age band of 20 to 35 years. They were then administered a 5-Point Likert Scale questionnaire that incorporated demographic as well as psychological variables of loneliness, self-esteem, depression and anxiety. Responses were analyzed using frequency Analysis, principal component analysis, linear regression and cross tabulation to derive insights. The study revealed that along with loneliness, which was a major constituent, occupation type and marital status also significantly contributed in determining whether or not an individual would be compulsive in his or her purchase behavior.  The study is significant as it discusses Compulsive Buying Behavior from a marketing perspective in a developing young economy such as India and discusses the implications of the findings as well. Akhtar-Danesh, N. & Landeen, J., 2007. Relation between depression and sociodemographic factors. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 1(1), p.4. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18271976 [Accessed August 1, 2018]. Black, D.W., 2007. Compulsive buying disorder: a review of the evidence. CNS spectrums, 12(2), pp.124–132. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17342214 [Accessed December 1, 2016]. Christenson, G.A. et al., 1994. Compulsive buying: descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity. 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The Influence of Self–Esteem and Selected Demographic Characteristics on First Semester Academic Achievement of Students Enrolled in a College of Agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Education, 52(4), pp.76–86. Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ956103.pdf [Accessed August 1, 2018]. Index Mundi, India - Household final consumption expenditure per capita. Available at:  https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/india/household-final-consumption-expenditure-per-capita [Accessed August 9, 2018]. Iqbal, N. & Aslam, N., 2016. Materialism, Depression, and Compulsive Buying among University Students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN, 3(2), pp.2348–5396. Available at: http://www.ijip.in [Accessed December 24, 2016]. Kaur, S., 2018. Compulsive Buying Behaviour in relation to Self Control and Generalized Self Efficacy among Young Professionals, Al Khatib, S.A., 2012. 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Does personality affect compulsive buying? An application of the Big Five personality model. Psychology - Selected Papers, (February 2015), pp.132–144. Miltenberger, R.G. et al., 2003. Direct and retrospective assessment of factors contributing to compulsive buying. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34(1), pp.1–9. Available at:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12763389 [Accessed December 1, 2016]. Mohanraj, M.P., 2017. Consumers’ Compulsive Buying Behaviour – An Empirical Study M. Prasanna Mohanraj School of Business, Alliance University. Great Lakes Herald, 11(1), pp.1–18. Available at:  https://www.greatlakes.edu.in/herald/pdfs/march-2017/article-1.pdf [Accessed August 5, 2018]. Neto, F., 2014. Socio-Demographic Predictors of Loneliness Across the Adult Life Span in Portugal. Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 8(2), pp.222–230. Available at:  http://interpersona.psychopen.eu/article/view/171 [Accessed July 31, 2018]. O’Guinn, T.C. & Faber, R.J., 1989. Compulsive buying: A phenomenological exploration. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), p.147. Pandey, S. & Devasagayam, R., 2015. The effect of deals and moods on compulsive buying in young adults: A comparison of an indulgence culture and a restraint culture. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 14(3), pp.257–270. Available at:  http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=1475-3928&volume=14&issue=3&spage=257 [Accessed August 5, 2018]. Steiger, J. & Muller, a, 2015. Compulsive buying. Psychotherapeut, 55(5), pp.429–439. Thornhill, K., Kellett, S. & Davies, J., 2012. Heterogeneity within compulsive buyers: A Q-sort study. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85(2), pp.229–241. Uniyal, S., 2017. Why Indian women are getting addictive to shopping: A study to introspect! International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, 3(3), pp.58–60. Uniyal, S. & Sharma, P.K., 2017. 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Suresh Anindya Biswas Psychological Variables Demographic variables Loneliness Occupation Type Marital Status Compulsive Buying Behavior 36818199 169 3

461 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=461 2019-03-31 Purpose: The main objective of the study is to examine whether there is an effective management over components of working capital in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan.  Design/Methodology: Data is collected from the annual reports of 94 Pakistani non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period of 2011- 2016. Fixed Effects methodology is employed in the study after determining the best fit model through the Hausman test, and effectiveness of working capital management is gauged through the impacts on profitability of the firm. Findings: The results show that inventory turnover, average collection period and cash conversion cycle have an insignificant relationship with profitability, indicating that working capital management (WCM) is not important in the manufacturing sector. It appears levels of current assets are maintained to support current ratio and solvency to sustain the high levels of debt financing.  However, average payment period has a significant negative association with profitability demonstrating that firms may be managing working capital through payables, where reduction in payables increase profitability through better trade and cash discounts and timely supplies.  Therefore, it is evidenced that management focuses on the liabilities side of the WCM equation and maintains current assets for other purposes. Practical implication: The results provide insights into manufacturing sector practice of maintaining levels of current assets as cushion against financial and operational risks, and the managing of working capital requirements through payables. It provides banks and other financial institutions a perspective into the working capital behavior of the manufacturing sector. Originality statement: The paper provides innovative insights into the manufacturing sector practice of focusing on the current liabilities to manage working capital and maintaining levels of current assets as cushion against risk and to support borrowings. It suggests that in this sector, the conventional working capital practices are not applied.   Brigham, E., & Ehrhardt, M., 2002, 'Financial management theory and practice', tenth edition,  Thomson Learning,South-Western,  5191 Natorp Boulevard, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA. Deloof, M., 2003, 'Does working capital management affect profitability of Belgian firms?',Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 573-588. Ding, S., Guariglia, A. & Knight, J., 2013,'Investment and financing constraints in China: Does working capital management make a difference?', Journal of Banking & Finance, 1490-1507. Enqvist, J., Graham, M.& Nikkinen, J., 2014,'The impact of working capital management on    firm profitability in different business cycles: Evidence from Finland', Research in International Business and Finance, 36-49. Falope, O. I. & Ajilore O. T., 2009,'Working capital management and corporate profitability: evidence from panel data analysis of selected quoted companies in Nigeria', Reasearch Journal of Business Management, 73-84. Gill, A., Biger, N. & Mathur, N., 2010,'The relationship between working capital management and corporate profitability: evidence from the United States',Business and Economics Journal, 1-9. Gill, S.A. & Biger, N., 2013, 'The impact of corporate governance on working capital management effeciency of American manufacturing firms',Mangerial Finance, 116-132. Gracia-Teruel, J. P. & Martinez-Solano, P., 2007,'Effects of working capital management on SME  profitability',International Journal of Managerial Finance, 164-177. Jose, M. L., Lancaster, C.& Stevens, J.L., 1996, 'Corporate returns and cash conversion cycle', Journal of Economics and Finance, 33-46. Kumaraswamy, S., 2016,'Impact of working capital mangement on financial performance of Gulf cooperation council firms', International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 1136-1142. Lazaridis, I. & Tryfonidis, D., 2006,'Relationship between working capital management and profitability of listed companies in the Athens stock exchange', Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 26-35. Mansoor, E. & Dr. Muhammad., 2012, 'The effect of working capital management on firm's profitability: evidence from Singapore', Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 472-486. Marttonen, S., Monto, S.& Karri, T., 2013,'Profitable working capital management in industrial maintenance companies'. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 429-448. Mathuva, M . D., 2010,'The influence of working capiatl management components on corporate profitability: A survey on Kenyan listed firms',Research Journal of Business Management, 1-11. Nasreen, S., Khanam, F.& Pirzada,  S. S., 2014,'Impact of working capital mangement on firm's profitability,Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,2222-2847. Orobia, A. L., Byabashaija, W., Munene, C. J., Sejjaaka, K. S.& Musinguzi, D., 2007,'How do small business owners manage working capital in an emerging economy?',Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 164-177. Ponsian, N., Chrispina, K., Tago, G.& Mkiibi, H., 2014,'The effect of working capital mangement on profitability',International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 347-355.  Padachi, K., 2006,'Trends in working capital management and its impact on firms' performance: An analysis of Mauritian small manufacturing firms',International Review of Business Research Papers, 45-58. Pais, A. M.& Gama, M. P., 2015,'Working capital management and SMEs profitability: Portuguese evidence'. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 341-358. Raheman, A.& Nasr, M., 2007,'Working capital management and profitability-Case of Pakistani firms', International Review of Business Research Papers, 279-300. Raheman, A., Afza, T., Qayyum, A.& Bodla, A. M., 2010,'Working capital management and corporate performance of manufacturing sector in Pakistan',International Research Journal of Finance and Economics.  Raza, Y. M., Bashir, M., Latif, K., Shah, S. T.& Ahmad, M., 2015,'Impact of working capital mangement on profitability: evidence from Pakistan oil sector',International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, 2162-3082. Saghir, A., Hashmi, M. F.& Hussain, N. M., 2011,'Working capital management and profitability: Evidence from Pakistan firms',Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol. 3, No. 8.  Sharma, K. A.& Kumar, S., 2011,'Effect of Working Capital Management on Firm Profitability: empirical Evidence from India',Global Business Review, 159-173. Shin, H-H.& Soenen, L., 1998,'Effeciency of working capital management and corporate profitability',Financial Practice and Education, 37-45.  Singh, P.H. & Kumar, S., 2014,'Working capital management: a literature review and research agenda',Quality Research in Financial Markets, 173-197. Wasiuzzaman, S., 2015,'Working capital and firm value in an emerging market',International Journal of Managerial Finance, 60-79. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2019-03-31-17-45-24-PM.pdf Muhammad Mahmood Shah Khan Rubeena Tashfeen Sumbal Saghir Working capital Inventory turnover in days Average collection/payment period Cash conversion cycle Gross operating profitability 664381 135 2

462 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=462 2019-03-31 The purpose of the research paper is to analyse the impact of some socio-demographic variables on the organisational performance. The influence of these socio-demographic variables was evaluated in the context of sales professionals working in the automobile sector of Pakistan.   Conclusive research design has been adopted in the study by using quantitative techniques. Responses were gathered by the sample of 500 sales professionals. The results generated from Pearson correlation, One-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics have been used to understand the relationship of socio-demographic variables with organisational performance and to measure the differences between various designations on performance. Responses were tested by conducting statistical tests by using SPSS. The findings of the study demonstrated that some of the socio-demographic variables have a significant impact on the organisational performance among sales professionals. It was noticed from the correlation that age, education, designation, and income have a strong relationship with organisational performance, whereas, tenure and perceived socio-economic status and incentive has a moderate relationship. Gender, language, and perceived health status were found having no relationship with organisational performance. There was the difference in the performance of sales management and staff members. This depicts the fact that designation influences the working criteria.  In order to improve organisational performance, the socio-demographic variables that must be considered are age, income, education, and designation. The findings demonstrate that there is the no difference in the performance of managers due to their focus, while, the staff members performance differ from each other. This study is providing analysis for the organisations to understand the factors that must be considered in order to improve overall performance.    AlDosiry, K. S., Alkhadher, O. H., Alqaraa, E. M. and Anderson, N. (2015). Relationships between emotional intelligence and sales performance in Kuwait. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32(1), pp. 39-45. Bellou, V. (2010). Organizational culture as a predictor of job satisfaction: the role of gender and age. Career Development International, 15(1), pp.4-19. Bell, S.T., Villado, A. J. Lukasik, M. A., Belau, L. and Briggs, A. L.  (2011). Getting specific about demographic diversity variable and team performance relationships: A meta-analysis. Journal of management, 37(3), pp.709-43. Bibi, N. (2016). Role of Gender Diversity in Organizational Effectiveness and its Implications. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(S4), pp.80-85. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2015). Business Research Methods. 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Sample size calculator [A web-based statistical calculator for sample size] Available at: http://www.openepi.com [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017]. Park, T.Y. and Shaw, J.D. (2013). Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 98(2), p.268. Perryer, C., Jordan, C., Firns, I. and Travaglione, A. (2010). Predicting turnover intentions: The interactive effects of organizational commitment and perceived organizational support. Management Research Review, 33(9), pp.911-23. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. London: John Wiley & Sons. Shea, T., Cooper, B. K., Cieri, H. D. and Sheehan, C. (2012). Evaluation of a perceived Organisational performance scale using Rasch model analysis. Australian Journal of Management, 37 (3), p. 507-522 Thatcher, S. and Patel, P.C. (2011). Demographic faultlines: A meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(6), p.1119. Van Dijk, H., Van Engen, M.L. and Van Knippenberg, D. (2012). Defying conventional wisdom: A meta-analytical examination of the differences between demographic and job-related diversity relationships with performance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 119(1), pp.38-53. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M. (2013). Business research methods. England: Cengage Learning. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2019-03-31-17-49-48-PM.pdf Hassan Mahfooz Rao Uzma Zaidi Socio-demographic Variables Organisational Performance Automobile Industry Sales Professionals Social Factors 585008 104 1

463 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=463 2019-03-31 The purpose of the study was to investigate the antecedents of the adoption of mobile banking. A modification of the technology acceptance model (TAM) was adopted in order to test hypothesised relationships. Past literature on mobile banking was reviewed for the study. The study was quantitative in nature whereby 320 respondents participated in an online survey regarding their views on the adoption of mobile banking products and services. Convenience sampling, a form of non-probability sampling was employed for purposes of the study in order to select appropriate participants through the aid of screening questions. The study focused on the perception that customers had towards the use of mobile banking mainly regarding its usefulness as a banking service. Key findings from the study were that intention to use mobile banking was seen to play a prominent role in customer’s actual usage of mobile banking. This possibly suggested that customers that already had the intention to use mobile banking ended-up using the service.  The relationship strength between the knowledge of mobile banking and perceived usefulness was the equivalent to that of the ease of using of mobile banking and the attitudes towards mobile banking. Perceived usefulness and ease of use were both used as mediators between the knowledge of mobile banking and attitudes towards mobile banking. It was observed that the former had more influence on attitudes than the latter.  Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., & YaghmaeI, F., (2016). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Scales: A Survey of Published Articles. Journal of Medical Education 14 (4), 174-205 Banking Association of South Africa (2015).  FinScope South Africa 2014. THE  Banking Association South Africa - Annual Review 2014. Retrieved, March 12, 2016, from http://www.banking.org.za/news-media/publications/annual-review  Cheung, R., & Vogel, D. (2013). 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464 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=464 2019-03-31 At present, overall dimensions of leadership quality in Thailand tend to decrease dramatically. When considering political context in Thailand, it was found that Thailand is facing crisis in political leadership. This study aimed to investigate political leadership characteristics leading to country development and to develop a structural equation model. The researchers collected qualitative data by interviewing experts in the field and collecting quantitative data by interviewing 500 political leaders at the local and national levels. The data analysis yielded the political leadership model consisted of 5 aspects; namely, Interpersonal Building related to thinking and implementing projects beneficial to society at large; Individualized Consideration in relation to utilizing personnel according to their ability; Intelligence concerning having ability to analyze problems and having courage to make right decisions in every situation; Integrity involving loving and being faithful to the nation, religion, the king and the organization; Interpersonal Attribution including persistence, devotion and sacrifice. After testing the hypotheses, it was found that political leaders at the national and local levels differently emphasized overall leadership characteristics for country development. The analysis of the structural equation model developed by the researcher revealed that the model passed the assessment criteria and accorded with the empirical data with Chi-square value of 0.722, relative Chi-square value of 0.948, IOC value of 0.961, and RMSEA of 0.000. The hypotheses testing of the model showed that Intelligence had direct effect on Interpersonal Building, while Integrity had direct effect on Intelligence and Interpersonal Building. However, Interpersonal Building had direct effect on Individualized Consideration and Interpersonal Attribution also had direct effect on Integrity. The statistical significance level of this study was set at 0.05. Arbuckle, J. L. (2011). IBM SPSS Amos 20 User’s Guide.  NY: Amos Development Corporation. Au, K., Chiang, Flora F. T., Birtch, Thomas A., & Ding, Z. (2013). Understanding leading, leader-follower relations, and ethical leadership in organizations. Relationships in organizations: a work psychology perspective, 11, 239-267.  Brouer, R. L., Chiu, C., & Wang, L. (2016). Political skill dimensions and transformational leadership in china. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(6), 1040-1056.  Casper, S. (2002).  New Leaders for the Next Century.  Productivity World.  Chrastka, J. (2017). Creating tomorrow's civic leaders by learning to be civically engaged today. Young Adult Library Services, 15(4), 13-16.  David, M. and Sutton, C. (2011). Social Research an Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications. Ghosh, K. (2015). Benevolent leadership in not-for-profit organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 36(5), 592-611.  Hill, P., & Jochim, A. (2017). The power of persuasion: A model for effective political leadership by state chiefs. Seattle, WA: Center on Reinventing Public Education (CRPE). India Infoline News Service.  (2015). Leadership quality and Leadership bench strength unchanged in India. [online] August 2014. Kgatle, M. S. (2018). Servant leadership: An urgent style for the current political leadership in South Africa. Vwrbum et Ecclesia, 39(1), 1-9.  Luu, T. T. (2013). Corporate social responsibility, upward influence behavior, team processes and competitive intelligence. Team Performance Management, 19(1), 6-33.  Meng, J., Xue, B., Liu, B., & Fang, N. (2015). Relationships between top managers' leadership and infrastructure sustainability. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(6), 692-714.  Office of the Council of State. (2007).  Royal Thai Government Gazette.  Bangkok: Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand. Randolph, A. W., & Sanders, S. (2011). In search of excellence in education: The political, academic, and curricular leadership of Ethel T. Overby. Journal of School Leadership, 21, 521-547.  Sunindijo, R. Y. (2012). Integrating emotional intelligence, political skill, and transformational leadership in construction. Civic Engineering Dimension, 14(3), 182-189.  Tabatabei, S. A. N., & Zavareh, F. B. (2014). Effect of Spiritual Intelligence, The Moral Leadership of the Employee's Perspective; (Case Study: Isfahan University Staff and Najaf Abad Azad University). Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 4(1), 379-389.  Zbierowski, P., & Góra, K. (2014). Positive leadership: Its nature, antecedents and consequences. Journal of Positive Management, 5(1), 85-99.    https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2019-03-31-18-01-29-PM.pdf Sathit Pitutecha Thanin Silpcharu Characteristics model political leadership structure equation modeling 584997 98 1

465 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=465 2019-04-01 Purpose - As the digital version of word-of-mouth, social media represents the materialization, storage, and retrieval of word-of-mouth content online. The study examined the social media marketing activities of Vodafone and MTN Ghana’s Facebook pages and the objectives set for this purpose were to determine whether social media marketing activities enhance brand equity, identify the kind of social media marketing activities that enhance brand equity and investigate the effects of social media marketing on brand equity. Design/Methodology - The study used 203 valid responses out of 300 questionnaires that were distributed. The study used the quantitative research method; and the quantitative data was analysed using the PLS approach of the Structural Equation Model (SEM).   Results/Findings - Results showed that social media marketing contributed more to the brand association, loyalty and perceived quality dimensions on brand equity.  Practical Implications - Individually, the Facebook interaction activities assessed in the study proved relevant in attaining brand equity at MTN and Vodafone Ghana. Whilst picture interaction with consumers generated significant improvements in all dimensions of brand equity; liking a brand’s page is only a significant contributor to brand awareness and association with video interaction also contributing significantly only to brand loyalty and perceived quality. This goes to show that the social media marketing activities should not be pursued in isolation, but should be done so together to obtain optimum benefits Originality – The presence of social media is exploding in Ghana however there is little to show for whether this presence actually generates any form of return on investment or brand equity. The study is original since it revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social media marketing activities and brand equity. The study recommends that marketing or brand managers should concentrate their efforts largely on brand loyalty, which has high importance in the construct of brand equity, and will further contribute positively to the organization’s brand equity.   Aaker, D. A.  (1991). Managing Brand Equity. NY: The Free Press Aaker, D. A.  (1996). Measuring Brand Equity Products and Markets. California Management Review, 38 (3). Ateş B. H. (2013). 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466 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=466 2019-04-01 Strategy is an important element in enhancing management competitiveness which directly influences firm performance. Therefore, contemporary business environments which are driven by technology require urgent and sustained attention by firms seeking to enhance their competitiveness. Simply put, technology is the tool through which a firm’s strategy is achieved. Online banking is an example of a technology driven business environment. It is therefore important for the banks who offer this service to understand that the strategy they adopt influences the uptake of the service being offered. The level of adoption of online banking is an indication of the success of the strategy that has been adopted by banks. Consumer perception of the service has a strong influence on its actual usage. This study has used the perceived usefulness (PU) and behavioural intention to adopt (ADO) construct from the technology adoption model and the e-strategy construct to study online banking adoption in Malaysia. The moderation effect of e-strategy on the relationship between PU and ADO was examined. To achieve this, a random sampling of urban residents in the cities Ipoh, Georgetown, Alor Setar and Kangar in Malaysia was used. A total of 2560 questionnaires were distributed but only 360 usable questionnaires were received. The analysis was conducted by using SPSS 24 and Hayes SPSS process macro. From the analysis that was conducted it was found that e-strategy had a positively significant moderating effect on the perceived usefulness of adopting online banking by the consumer. 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467 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=467 2019-04-01 This paper discussed the language barriers of the sales force in personal selling. For the purpose, ten types of language barriers are tested with a sample of 180 salespeople who are chosen by convenience sampling method in two southern States of India namely Andhra Pradesh and Telangana where majority people speak in the Telugu language. By snowball sampling method, conversational interviews are conducted with the sampled sales force and investigated the specific language barrier that was highly troubled them during their conversations with the customers. From the total responses, ranks are given to each barrier. Study results revealed that in AP and Telangana more salespeople experienced the barriers of literacy, jargon, dialects, unclear sound, and accent. Few troubled by-word choice, pidgins, semantic gaps, slang, and linguistic ability. In urban markets, more salespeople averted by word choice and literacy, in rural areas more was hostile to semantic gaps and Jargon. The female sales force was more concerned with literacy, slang, and accent. More male sales representatives are apprehensive about dialects, unclear sound, and jargon. A similar study recommended by extending to other southern States in India such as Tamil Nadu, Odisha, Karnataka, and Maharashtra, to find out the barriers of Indian regional languages in direct selling at rural and urban markets. Agnihotri, R., Gabler, C. B., Itani, O. S., Jaramillo, F., & Krush, M. T. (2017). Salesperson ambidexterity and customer satisfaction: examining the role of customer demandingness, adaptive selling, and role conflict. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 37(1), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2016.1272053 Agnihotri, R., Vieira, V. A., Senra, K. B., & Gabler, C. B. (2016). 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468 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=468 2019-04-01 The purpose of this paper was to determine the need for a marketing strategy on the part of small craft producers in South Africa. Existing literature on marketing planning and the local craft industry was used to prove that craft producers need marketing strategy planning to overcome the market access challenges they currently experience. Craft producers lack access to the market and need to formulate appropriate marketing strategies in order to overcome this obstacle. A marketing strategy impacts positively on business sales and the profitability of a business, and is the backbone of any enterprise, regardless of size. However, craft producers need an understanding of the market for them to formulate an effective and efficient marketing strategy.  Alsen, K. J. (2007). Strategic marketing: An applied perspective. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Ardjouman, D., & Asma, B. (2015). 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470 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=470 2019-04-01 This study investigates the effects of environmental management practices on the sustainability of multinational companies in south-south, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain the effects of total quality management on economic sustainability and to determine the effects of technology option on environmental sustainability. Data were collected from secondary sources, from journal publication, book, unpublished article and thesis, newspapers, and organizations websites.  Based on the literature review, the study found out that quality management practices positively affected economic sustainability, and that green technologies positively affected social-environmental sustainability. Therefore, it was concluded that the sustainability of the multinational companies and business environment depends on environmental management practices. 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471 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=471 2019-04-01 The study aims to measure the effect of using balanced scorecard (BSC); with its different perspectives on reducing production costs in the Jordanian industrial companies. The study depends on the questionnaire which was addressed to the financial managers, accounting department heads, managerial and costs accountants. The study sample contained (171) employees working in the Jordanian industrial companies. It used the descriptive, analytical, and also the regression analysis methods. The study results showed a significant effect of using the following BSC perspectives (financial perspective, customers' perspective, internal processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective) on reducing production costs in the Jordanian industrial companies. 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472 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=472 2019-04-01 The purpose of this study is to investigate whether cognitive moral development and moral evaluation factors impact an auditor’s decision to engage in reduced audit quality behaviors. A total of 289 auditors participated in the survey. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) and Multidimensional Ethics Scale Revision (MES-R1) were used to measure cognitive moral development and moral evaluation. The results show that cognitive moral development and moral evaluation have a direct influence on reduced audit quality behavior. The study results also show that moral evaluation (deontology and teleology) mediates the relationship between cognitive moral development and reduced audit quality behavior. The study results have significant implications for accounting organizations and regulators concerning the effect of cognitive moral development and moral evaluation in preventing the negative impact of reduced audit quality behaviors, such as premature sign-off.  Agoglia, C.P., Hatfield, R.C. and Lambert, T.A. (2015) ‘Audit team time reporting: An agency theory perspective’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 44, pp. 1-14. Alderman, C.W. and Deitrick, J.D. (1982) ‘Auditor’s Perception of Time Budget Pressures and Premature Sign Offs: A Replication and Extension’, Auditing: A journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 1 No. 4, pp. 54-68. Cohen, J.R., Pant, L.W. and Sharp, D. (1983) ‘A validation and extension of a multidimensional ethics scale’, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 13-26. Coram, P., Glavovic, A., Ng, J. and Woodliff, D.R. (2008) ‘The moral intensity of reduced audit quality acts’, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 127-149. 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In Goslin, D.A Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research’, Rand McNally, Chicago. Kohlberg, L. and Hersh, R.H. (2009) ‘Moral development: A review of the theory’, Theory Into Practice, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 53-59. Lighner, S.M., Adams, S.J. and Lightner, K. (1982) ‘The influence of situational, ethical, and expectancy theory variables on accountans's underreporting behavior’, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 1-12. Malone, C.F. and Robert, R.W. (1996) ‘Factors Associated with Incidence of Reduced Audit Quality Behaviors’, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 49-64. McNair, C.J. (1991) ‘Proper compromises: The management control dilemma in public accounting and its impact on auditor behavior’, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 16 No. 7, pp. 635-653. Ponemon, L.A. (1990) ‘Ethical judgments in accounting: A cognitive-development perspective’, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 1, pp. 191-215. Ponemon, L.A. 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473 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=473 2019-04-01 This research study aimed to examine the development and testing of consistency for a model designed to evaluate the structure of effectiveness in public transportation schedule management using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in Thailand. The public transportation system is very important to Thailand’s development, especially with regards to socio-economic aspects. This study used a quantitative research methodology and quantitative analysis to obtain the results. The participants comprised 320 RFID industrial entrepreneurs in Thailand selected by stratified random sampling, and the distributed questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation analysis. The research found that the testing of the structural relationship showed the effectiveness of public transportation by using RFID in Thailand. 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474 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=474 2019-04-01 The purpose of this paper is to measure online consumer behavior in Saudi Arabian context. The study has identified 7 factors like Web Atmosphere, E-Retailors Image, attitude, Trust, Situational factors, social factors and cultural factors which have a significant influence on the online consumer behavior. These seven factors have been measured using 35 statements. The scale developed has shown strong internal consistency, reliability and has remained consistent across different samples. The findings have revealed that web atmosphere is one of the most dominant factors along with the E-Retailors image and cultural factor have emerged out to be least significant factor. The main contribution of this study lies in validating a divergent scale measuring online consumer behavior. The findings of this study have important implications both for the academia and practitioners. 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475 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=475 2019-04-01 Despite the substantial interest in loyalty programs amongst marketing scholars and professionals, few studies have been conducted amongst the youth within emerging markets. The purpose of the study was to examine the mediating influence of customer satisfaction, trust, and commitment on the relationship between loyalty programs and repeat purchase behaviour of a group of South African youth. The methodology involved a self-administrated questionnaire adapted from previous similar studies. Data were collected from 263 South African young people between the ages of 18 and 24 who were retail loyalty program members. The study tested six hypotheses using Structural Equation Modeling. The software used was SPSS 22 for descriptive statistics and IBM Amos 22. The findings indicate that all hypotheses were supported. They also suggest the significance of customer satisfaction as a strong mediator of loyalty programs and repeat purchase behaviour. Moreover, the study reveals that the mediating influence of customer commitment on loyalty programs and repeat purchase behaviour was the weakest influence. The findings revealed that, by building customer satisfaction and customer trust amongst the youth, the potential for marketers to positively impact on the success of loyalty programs and repeat purchase behaviour is high. This paper makes a valuable contribution to the literature on loyalty programs amongst youth within a developing market context. Agudo, J., Crespo, A., & del Bosque, I. (2012). Adherence to customer loyalty programmes and changes in buyer behaviour. The Service Industries Journal, 32(8), 1323-1341. Aktepe, A., Ersöz, S., & Toklu, B. (2014). Customer satisfaction and loyalty analysis with classification algorithms and Structural Equation Modeling. 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476 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=476 2019-04-01 This study aims to identify the factors that influence decision making on souvenirs by using the Theory of Planned Behavior. The approach used in the research method is quantitative approach, and the sample determination used convenience sampling type employing 150 souvenir buyers as research samples in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. The relationship between the variables proposed in the study is tested empirically using Partial Least Square (PLS). This research reflects the consumer's picture of the attitude, intentions, and buying behavior of souvenirs. The results showed that the attitude toward authenticity and attitude toward aesthetics, except attitude toward care and carriage, had a significant effect on the purchasing intention which then will be realized in a real buying behavior. The stronger the intention of someone to buy souvenirs, the greater the souvenir buying behavior will be shown. 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477 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=477 2019-04-01 This study examined the impact of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) on institutional performance of public shareholding companies in Jordan based on COSO (2004) ERM Integrated Framework. Questionnaire survey was adopted as the research methodology for this study, and a total of 313 questionnaires were successfully collected. The obtained data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling Tool (Smart-PLS), and based on the analysis, implementation of ERM was found to have a significant influence on institutional performance. From the finding’s analysis, it was revealed that enterprise risk management framework had a role in improving the performance of extraction companies in Jordan. The analysis also highlighted that the increase of enterprise risk management framework implementation will increase the performance of the extraction companies in Jordan.  Furthermore, all the independent variables (Internal Environment, Event Identification, Risk Assessment, Risk Response, Control Activities, Information and Communication, and Monitoring) are significant predictors, except for objective setting. These variables statistically and significantly predicted performance of extraction companies in Jordan. The findings from this study enable organizations to better understand the status of their ERM implementation and assist them in identifying areas of improvement, with regards to the processes within each ERM elements. Acharyya, M., & Mutenga, S. (2013). The benefits of implementing enterprise risk management: evidence from the non-life insurance industry. Enterprise Risk Management, 6(1), 22-24. Arena, M., Arnaboldi, M., & Azzone, G. (2010). 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478 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=478 2019-04-01 This research paper attempts to investigate if the implementation of knowledge management capability, adaptive strategy for managing knowledge and the minimisation of knowledge management challenges can help ESKOM to improve its organizational performance. In investigating the above issues, we used quantitative research methodology to collect and analyse the research data. The findings of the research confirm that it is imperative for ESKOM to pay urgent attention on how best the organization can improve on its knowledge management capability, adaptive strategy for managing knowledge and a mechanism to be used in minimizing the current knowledge management challenges confronting ESKOM. 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479 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=479 2019-04-01 Purpose- The purpose of this study is to investigate the usage of social customer relationship management (SCRM) and its impact on firm performance in the telecommunication industry particularly the mobile services in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach- This study used qualitative approach, which consists of semi- structured interviews. Twelve semi- structured interviews were conducted with the top management level from the four existing mobile operators in Egypt namely Vodafone, Orange, Etisalat and We. Data collected were analysed by using themed analysis.  Findings- It has been found that SCRM is a crucial tool for keeping long term relationships with customers which in turn affect the firm performance in terms of Growth and profitability in the Egyptian mobile telecommunication services.  Originality/value- This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing insights and explanations regarding the extent to which the mobile operators use SCRM and how it affects their firm performance in Egypt, as one of the developing countries. Additionally, this study offers guidelines to the service providers particularly the mobile operators with valuable visions into the development of effective SCRM to be able to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.    Agnihotri, R., Dingus, R., Hu, M.Y. and Krush, M.T. (2016), “Social media: Influencing customer satisfaction in B2B sales”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 53, pp. 172–180. Ahani, A., Rahim, N.Z.A. and Nilashi, M. 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480 https://jbrmr.com/details&cid=480 2019-04-16 This study conducted in the Yemeni Islamic banking sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between Training practices as independent variables and Organizational Commitment as a dependent variable through Tribalism Relations as a mediating variable. The search focuses on employees, departmental guidelines and career development practices and their relationship to the level of commitment displayed by the employees. The quantitative design was used in this study to test hypotheses. 450 questionnaires were distributed to various employees in four Islamic banks in Yemen. 292 valid questionnaires were collected, representing 65%, which is acceptable in scientific research.  Smart PLS-SEM technique is used to validate the measurement model and structural model which significantly contributes to the methodological aspect. 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Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration, 33(3), 182-196, 33(3), 182–196. https://jbrmr.com/cdn/article_file/2019-04-16-22-06-51-PM.pdf Ali Salman Emam Juraifa Bte Jais Mosab I. Tabash Training practices - Organizational Commitment- Tribalism- Yemen Islamic Banks Sector. 648026 118 2